Model, Control, and Realistic Visual 3D Simulation of VTOL Fixed-Wing Transition Flight Considering Ground Effect

The research topic of VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) fixed wing (VFW) is gaining significant attention, particularly in the transition phase from to vice versa. One latest most challenging strategies bird mode, where vertical horizontal carried out simultaneously, mimicking behavior birds. condition that rarely considered when taking off ground effect. Under natural conditions, a effect bound occur, which can significantly impact stability VFW close ground. This paper addresses this issue by proposing model control strategy conducting realistic visual 3D simulations incorporates using full complex aerodynamic parameters. represents novel approach, robot operating system (ROS) Gazebo conduct for transition. linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method used manage transitions compensate any disturbances. flight tests demonstrate effectiveness proposed controller executing missions mode Moreover, has demonstrated reliability robustness compensating attitude errors induced effects external